Memory plays a central role in shaping the identities of Nell and Carmel, as well as minor characters. How do their recollections of childhood and their relationships with Phil influence their present selves? Discuss how Enright uses flashbacks or fragmented memories to convey these tensions, providing textual evidence to support your analysis.

Describe the differences in narrational styles among the three perspective characters of Nell, Carmel, and Phil. How do these narrational styles inform or align with your understanding of the characters? Use textual examples to support your response.

Analyze how The Wren, The Wren discusses intergenerational trauma. How do Carmel and Nell understand, replicate, and confront the long-term repercussions of Phil’s abusive behavior? How do their experiences relate to broader systems of oppression, such as patriarchy, and institutions, such as religion?