In his book The World Beyond Your Head, Crawford examines how modern technology and pervasive advertising encroach on individual agency and attention, which alters personal autonomy and the quality of our mental engagement. He argues that this relentless demand for our attention constitutes a form of cultural and economic exploitation, reshaping individual choices and perceptions under the guise of freedom.

Crawford introduces the term “attentional economy,” where personal attention is commodified and traded in an environment saturated with targeted advertising and technological distractions. He presents the scenario of intrusive advertising that not only occupies physical space but also invades cognitive spaces, such as the example of advertisements played while swiping a bank card or waiting at a bus stop. These intrusions transform everyday moments into opportunities for commercial influence.

Moreover, Crawford delves into the societal shift toward continuous partial attention, propelled by the ubiquity of digital devices. This digital omnipresence leads to a fractured sense of self, where individuals are constantly diverted by external stimuli, thereby losing the ability to focus deeply or maintain a coherent line of thought. The author draws upon neuroscience findings that suggest our brains are being rewired by habits of incessant media consumption, which reduces our capacity for sustained attention and makes us susceptible to easy manipulation by corporate interests.