“A turtle might hide his head and pretend to be a stone when the plane took off, then stick his head out of the shell again when the plane was flying.”

Turtles are an important recurring symbol in this novel, and they appear even in the very first page. Eventually, Aref will come to see the similarities between himself and the migratory qualities of a turtle as he prepares to leave his home and travel to the US. The image of turtles therefore helps Aref with The Difficulty of Leaving Home.

“I will keep it in my pocket always when I arrive in the United States. I will say my son gave it to me, and you are coming soon.”

Aref’s parents are very supportive and proud of him, and his father is excited that his family will soon be joining him on the adventure to the US. Additionally, this quote speaks to the recurring significance of stones exchanged between those who care about one another.

“This was going to be hard, but he wanted to do it.”

Stones are a recurring motif in this novel, and Aref’s decision to give the turquoise stone to Diram shows that Aref is a good friend and is willing to work through difficult decisions. He cares deeply about his friends, and this is his way of returning the favor the kind gifts he has received from neighbors coming to say goodbye to him and his mother.