“The sad fact is that international politics has always been a ruthless and dangerous business, and it is likely to remain that way.”

This quote encapsulates the core realist perspective John J. Mearsheimer adopts throughout the book, introducing the theme of The Nature of the International System and State Behavior. It reflects the idea that international relations are fundamentally governed by power struggles, where states prioritize their security and interests in an anarchic global system. This worldview challenges more optimistic perspectives that foresee a transformation towards cooperative international relations.

“Their ultimate aim is to be the hegemon—that is, the only great power in the system.”

This quote highlights Mearsheimer’s argument regarding the nature of state behavior in international politics. It suggests that states inherently seek hegemony, or dominant power status, driven by the necessity to ensure their survival in an anarchic world. This pursuit of power often leads to strategic conflicts and competition among states, underscoring the realist notion that power dynamics are central to understanding international relations.

“Great powers are rarely content with the current distribution of power; on the contrary, they face a constant incentive to change it in their favor.”

Mearsheimer emphasizes the dynamic and competitive nature of international politics, reflecting the theme of Offensive Realism and the Imperative for Power. This quote reflects his view that states are not just passive actors but are actively seeking to alter the power balance to their advantage. It underscores a key tenet of offensive realism: The insatiable drive of states for power augmentation is not merely for the sake of aggressive expansion in and of itself but is also a strategy for survival in a system without a higher authority to ensure security.