Poe’s work is often regarded as emblematic of the Gothic genre, which appeared in English literature in the late 18th century as part of the Romantic reaction against the rational and scientific focus of the Enlightenment. The first coherent example of this style is considered to be Horace Walpole’s 1764 novel The Castle of Otranto, which combines many of the elements associated with the Gothic: a sense of terror and wonder; a dark, remote location; a vulnerable heroine; and an atmosphere of death and decay. All these characteristics are meant to express inherent irrational human impulses and to inspire readers to consider that something might exist beyond the physical and rational. Long before the birth of psychoanalysis, Romantic art, especially Gothic art, explored the subconscious, hidden, and taboo desires that define human behavior.

“The Tell-Tale Heart” is an excellent illustration of Gothic literature, as the story’s tragic conclusion arises from two irreconcilable emotions felt by the narrator: self-professed love for the old man and the desire to kill him. These two emotions could be categorized as the conscious, or rational, side of the protagonist’s psyche and as the unconscious, or irrational, one.