Taoism, a philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tse, is the central theme of The Tao of Pooh. The philosophy proposes a way of life believed to result in contentment. The book is an allegory that examines the basic concepts associated with Taoism. The theme is developed through dialogue, narratives, and examples.

Literally meaning “without action,” Wu Wei is perhaps the most important component of Taoism. Hoff returns to this theme repeatedly, often using allegory to exam the concept.

Wu Wei suggests an approach to achieve a tranquil life. Primarily, acting without action leads one to bend to natural forces, an act Hoff examines in the story of the old man who falls into the river beneath a waterfall. The elderly man survives the plunge because he realizes that the water’s force is more powerful than he is. Instead of fighting the water’s strength, he allows the water to push him about until the water’s own force propels him to the river bank.

Another example Hoff explores involves the martial arts. In Tai Chi, one uses the opponent’s strength. Rather than striking the opponent, Tai Chi uses the opponent’s energy to deflect his or her blows.