A conference organized by Du Bois at Atlanta University and held every year from 1896 to 1914. Much of Du Bois’s early research was conducted while he served this institution.

Common schools were 19th-century public schools. Such schools were community funded and operated locally. The common school movement died out at the beginning of the 20th century as unified school districts were organized and control of schools came increasingly into the hands of professional educators.

This was a movement organized by free African Americans. Twelve conventions were held between 1831 and 1864. While focused on the abolition of slavery, the primary cause for the first convention was anti-African American rioting in Cincinnati in 1829 (39).