MacDonald wrote The Princess and the Goblin almost 80 years before the fantasy genre gained widespread popularity with the works of J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis. Today, the fantasy genre spans several generations and is as varied as any other area of literature. How do you think that MacDonald’s work compares to more modern fantasy novels, movies, and stories? You may also wish to consider other sources of fantasy, such as video games, tabletop games, or artwork. How have interpretations of fantasy creatures like goblins changed over time, or how are they the same? In what ways does MacDonald’s work still influence new fantasy being created today?

Teaching Suggestion: Students may or may not be familiar with The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings or The Chronicles of Narnia, but many children’s books, movies, and video games show MacDonald’s influence. You might also use this prompt to spark discussion about how fantasy has changed over time, especially with regards to incorporating greater diversity of characters and cultural traditions.