Often referred to as “the father of American theater,” Eugene O’Neill (1888-1953) is among the most influential playwrights in US history. With his unflinchingly honest storytelling, O’Neill mixed realism and expressionism in his plays, taking radical approaches previously unseen on the American stage. His contributions reshaped the theater landscape and introduced groundbreaking techniques, ushering in a golden era of drama and influencing the work of playwrights such as Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller, and others.

O’Neill’s life experiences profoundly influenced his career, and his personal trials served as inspiration for most of his work. Born into a theatrical family, he spent his first years touring with his father, actor James O’Neill, who, alongside his mother, had an alcohol and substance addiction. After a brief period at Princeton University, O’Neill moved to New York and took up odd jobs in theater, seafaring, and writing. As a young man, the playwright dealt with alcohol issues and once attempted suicide. Adding to his tumultuous life, he spent six months in recovery after a tuberculosis diagnosis. This period of self-reflection was a turning point that ignited his commitment to playwriting. In 1916, he drew from his seafaring experiences to stage his debut play, Bound East for Cardiff, and several others afterward.