Eclogue 7 reintroduces characters from earlier poems: Corydon, who lamented his unrequited love for Alexis in Eclogue 2, and Meliboeus, who was forced to leave his farm in Eclogue 1. Theirs is a happier scene: Meliboeus presides over another singing contest between Corydon and a new character, Thyrsis. Putting off his afternoon chores, Meliboeus is eager to judge the competition in the scenic beauty of the countryside (Lines 14-17).

Both shepherds begin by offering ritual gifts to various deities to aid them in their songs: The Muses (Lines 21-24), the virgin woodland goddess Artemis (called Delia here, after her birthplace Delos) (Lines 29-30), the fertility god Priapus (Lines 33-36), and Galataea, a sea nymph (Lines 37-40). The men alternate, detailing the loveliness of the forests and meadows in which they pasture their flocks (Lines 41-52) as well as their devotion to their loved ones, Alexis and Phyllis (Lines 53-68). In the end, Meliboeus declares Corydon the winner.