A “deep question” is a type of inquiry that probes into an individual’s values, beliefs, judgments, or experiences, rather than merely seeking factual information. Deep questions are designed to elicit feelings and encourage self-reflection, fostering a more meaningful and emotionally-engaging conversation.

In the context of Supercommunicators, “emotional contagion” refers to the psychological phenomenon in which humans tend to synchronize their emotions with the emotions expressed by those around them. This synchronization can be deliberate, such as when we choose to empathize with another person, or automatic, occurring outside of our consciousness. Emotional contagion is believed to have evolved as a means to help humans form bonds and connections with others.

“Identity threat” refers to the psychological discomfort or distress experienced by an individual when they feel that their membership in a valued group is being questioned, denied, or denigrated. This can occur when someone is lumped into a group against their will, denied membership in a group they identify with, or assigned traits they loathe. Identity threats can emerge in various settings, from the workplace to casual social interactions, and can lead to defensive reactions, communication breakdowns, and strained relationships. Duhigg emphasizes the importance of understanding and mitigating identity threats to foster more productive and empathetic conversations, particularly when discussing sensitive topics such as race, gender, or other aspects of personal identity.