A major theme in the poem is the tension between the speaker’s desire and their responsibilities. This is seen most clearly in the immortalized final stanza, particularly “But I have promises to keep” (Line 14). It’s not clear whether this is a literal promise or simply a promise to themself to uphold their responsibilities; however, this stanza represents a simple and accessible universality that makes this poem resonate with readers across generations. There is likely no one of any age or culture who doesn’t understand the feeling of setting aside a pleasurable pastime to return to mental or physical labor. Despite the soft drama and the ominous tone of the poem, the moment in its purest form is one many will relate to.

Though the “promises” of the poem are not explored in depth, the juxtaposition of responsibility against the natural world suggests a social obligation. The way the poem is bookended with an awareness of the outside world—first by considering the landlord, away in a nearby village, and then by looking forward in time—illustrates the idea that these woods cannot exist alongside those responsibilities at the same time.