Through the lens of Jack’s perspective, Hobbs delivers an implicit commentary on the unique, age-old bond that humans and animals often share. Initially, the study of this bond was scientific and was often performed by philosophers or breeders in an effort to understand the connection between species. Such studies were also intended to determine how animals could be used and sometimes exploited for the benefit of people. As long ago as 15,000 years, humans and animals existed in harmony, and animals provided protection in various ways. For example, dogs were used as herders or trackers, while cats killed vermin that might otherwise spread disease. The human-pet relationship developed further as human society became less transient. Instead of providing protection, modern pets primarily offer their humans a sense of companionship or well-being, and humans in turn provide food, shelter, and care. As is demonstrated with Jack in the final chapters of the novel, pets may also act as working animals who provide both psychological benefits and business-related benefits.

However, Sheep also addresses the darker side of human-animal relationships, for although animals have a history of living in harmony with people, there are also many cases of humans exploiting or marginalizing animals.