In the Introduction, Johnson begins by acknowledging the extensive literature that documents issues of inequality and their dire consequences, but points out a significant gap in our collective understanding and action. Johnson expresses concern over a societal paralysis that hinders both individual and collective progress toward addressing these inequalities.

Johnson writes from his perspective as a white, heterosexual, nondisabled, middle-class male and a professional sociologist, emphasizing his understanding of both the defensive reactions people often have when confronted with their roles in perpetuating inequality and the potential for a shared foundation for change. He argues that defensive stances—particularly from those with unearned advantages—stymie discussions and actions that could contribute to societal improvement. Instead of placing blame, Johnson aims to use a sociological framework to help readers understand their interconnectedness in these dynamics and encourage a shift in thinking that can lead to meaningful action.

A significant addition to this second edition of the book (published in 2006) is a focus on disability. Johnson admits his initial oversight in this area, attributing it to his own privilege-induced ignorance. This acknowledgment leads to a broader discussion of how nondisabled people often fail to recognize their implicit participation in a system that disadvantages those with disabilities.