Birds appear in Private Peaceful as a recurring symbol of freedom. Swallows and larks are associated with happier memories and moments of solace. For Thomas, the swallow he sees during his father’s funeral symbolizes his father’s spirit breaking free. The bird imagery also reflects the soldier’s longing for freedom: “I’ve even seen larks over no-man’s-land. I always found hope in that” (61). This symbol of freedom resonates throughout the novel, underscoring the characters’ desires for a brighter and less tumultuous future amidst the chaos of war.

As he imagines his brother’s execution, Thomas longs for there to be birds. He believes that their presence will calm Charlie and make the event more bearable. In this context, birds symbolize the possibility of hope and redemption for Charlie, suggesting his spirit can find solace and freedom after death.

Initially, the motif of “Oranges and Lemons” appears in relation to Big Joe, as it is his favorite song. Throughout the boys’ childhood, the tune usually accompanies his laughter and joy. When Big Joe goes missing, the joy of finding him is celebrated by ringing the church bell and singing it with the village. Big Joe’s song represents the innocence and happiness of youth, a time before the weight of war and its harsh realities descends upon the Peaceful brothers.