Angelou composed "On the Pulse of the Morning" in free verse, which reflects its intended purpose as a spoken and performed poem. Free verse allows for a natural flow of themes and ideas, reflecting a more modern and conversational tone that seeks to connect to a broader audience. In addition to the simple directness of free verse, Angelou also uses common spoken word devices like repetition, alliteration, and enjambment that add a subtle structure and give the poem a tangible sound and cadence. The poem is intended to be heard aloud and was performed by Angelou herself.

Written in 107 verses and 13 uneven stanzas, the poem contains no set rhythm or rhyme scheme. Instead, it relies on the structure of its narrative and images to convey its themes.

The entire poem is built upon the personification of nature. Angelou personifies the rock, the river, and