Examine Manfred’s final speech in Act III, Scene 3 (approximately lines 143-162). What does that speech exemplify about Manfred’s character? In particular, how does the speech encapsulate Manfred’s individuality?

Do you agree with many critics’ suggestion that the relationship between Astarte and Manfred is implied to be incestuous? If so, why? If not, then what do you think might have caused Manfred to feel deep guilt?

Discuss the significance of Astarte’s spirit initially declining to speak to Manfred when she is conjured. How does Manfred interpret this silence? Do you agree with his interpretation? Why do you think Astarte finally speaks to Manfred?