Airplanes in this novel symbolize flight and freedom. Richard and Don’s airplanes specifically symbolize their journey to enlightenment. Each represents its owner’s character: Richard’s biplane is ordinary and common. This is symbolic of his role as an everyman. Don’s airplane, in contrast, is unique, pristine, and perfect. It is magical, running without gas and defying the laws of physics. The Travel Air 4000 reflects Don’s ability to manipulate the universe to accommodate his comfort and happiness. As Richard practices Don’s philosophies, his plane becomes more like Don’s, such as in Chapter 19, when Richard’s windshields have no bugs on them, and the Fleet uses less fuel.

In Chapter 2, Richard’s initial explanation of his theory that people could not conceive of airplanes before they truly believed that flight was possible symbolizes the beginning of his spiritual journey. This idea also shows Richard’s potential to learn Don’s teachings. In this sense, Richard’s beliefs about aerodynamics create the foundation of his understanding of the divine.

Crowds are used to symbolize the limitations of public perception. Richard and Don’s interactions with crowds always have a negative, ominous tone. The crowds are presented the same teachings that Richard and