An allusion is an implied or indirect reference to another—typically well-recognized—text or event. Using allusions helps contextualize an author’s points by allowing the reader to connect it to something already known. Allusions can make a writer’s words or a story’s actions seem grander, as they link the events of a story or work to ancient myths, religious stories, or other famous works. They can also help unite the author and reader through a shared text or belief, making the story more relevant to the reader.

In “I Have a Dream,” King makes several allusions to the Bible, American history, and well-known songs. He liberally quotes the Bible and offers paraphrases of lines of scripture. King also directly quotes the Declaration of Independence and alludes to Abraham Lincoln’s speeches. The final part of the speech plays with the lyrics of “America (My Country ‘Tis of Thee)”—a patriotic song. King also brings up the words of a Black spiritual and suggests the song could also be a patriotic anthem once his dream is realized. In making these allusions, King connects his message to America’s promise and past, the need for spiritual redemption brought on by eliminating racism in society, and the renewed love of the country arising if America can be righted.