Do some research into early modern gender roles—specifically that of women. Is the play in accordance with these norms, or does it deviate from them? How does the Duchess engage with her own femininity while also exercising power in a patriarchal world? How does Julia?

Consider the role of class and social hierarchy in the play. How are lower-ranking characters like Antonio and Bosola different or similar to the noble characters like Ferdinand and the Cardinal? How do Antonio and Bosola navigate these social hierarchies?

Pick several examples of animal metaphors to analyze throughout the play. Why are they used? Which characters are they associated with and why? What do they symbolize or indicate about that character and about the play’s social systems more broadly?