The primary theme of Drum Dream Girl is the transformation of gender roles in Cuba—specifically the gendered role of drummers. In Lines 11 and 50, “everyone” declares only boys can play drums. The repetition of this inclusive word—a word that implies all the citizens on the island—in two different lines in two different stanzas emphasizes the extensive reach of the gender stereotype. However, by Line 95, “everyone” has changed their mind and accepts the idea of girls playing drums.

The transformation of gender roles—moving from accepting only male drummers to accepting drummers of all genders—is due to two factors. The first factor is the character of the girl, Millo. She is described as “brave” (Line 54) and as a dreamer. These characterizations begin in the title and subtitle of the book: These, respectively, contain “dream” and “courage.” Dreaming is a way to describe seeing beyond the current patriarchal norms, and being able to imagine a different world. Her courageous and “dar[ing]” (Line 55) nature is her willingness to act on her dreams.

The second factor that goes into changing gender roles in music is how two men give the girl the opportunity to perform.