Use these questions or activities to help gauge students’ familiarity with and spark their interest in the context of the work, giving them an entry point into the text itself.

Short Answer

1. What do you know about Indigenous languages in the United States? Who were the Navajo code talkers, and why did they need an unbreakable code during World War II (WWII)? Why is it so important to remember code talkers today?

Teaching Suggestion: While this prompt works best as an activation of prior knowledge, some students may not be familiar with Indigenous languages or the role of code talkers in WWII. It may be helpful to share the resources below in advance to help generate discussion.

• This short documentary provides information about the Navajo code talkers, including their origin, the recruitment process, the Navajo code, and their recognition today.
• This multimedia blog from the National Archives provides background information about Navajo code talkers and includes photographs taken during and after the war.

Short Activity

Review the before and after pictures of Diné children from the Carlisle Indian School presented by your teacher. List the differences you see between them, then consider the following questions: Who might have taken these pictures? What do you notice about them? How do you feel when you see them?