In the Introduction to Autocracy, Inc., Anne Applebaum argues that, contrary to the popular belief about autocracies, contemporary autocratic states are complex networks driven by kleptocracy, repression, and pragmatism. Moreover, she states, modern autocrats, while not always on the same page ideologically, share a commitment to maintaining power and wealth. These regimes, which Applebaum collectively calls “Autocracy, Inc.,” collaborate with each other through financial dealings, security services, and technology exchanges. Applebaum states that they suppress dissent, manipulate public opinion, and resist accountability.

One of the recurring ideas in the book is that, unlike past dictators, today’s autocrats do not care about global criticism or international norms, using open brutality to maintain control. Applebaum highlights the impunity these autocrats enjoy, as they are sustained by alliances and mutual support, which allows them to govern over failing states and repressed populations with little regard for their citizens’ well-being.

Moreover, Applebaum discusses how modern autocrats, despite differing ideologies, share a common enemy: The democratic world and its values of transparency, accountability, and individual rights. She argues that 20th-century fascists, communists, and radical Islamists all scorned democracy, viewing it as a threat to their power.