The language used to describe anti-Black racism and slavery in the United States has evolved, reflecting shifts in social attitudes, academic discourse, and advances in civil rights. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, terms like “peculiar institution” were euphemistically used to refer to slavery, downplaying its brutality and framing it as a regional quirk of the South rather than a fundamental human rights violation. Similarly, discussions of anti-Black racism were often couched in language that either ignored or minimized the systemic nature of racial oppression, focusing instead on individual acts of prejudice.

The language around anti-Black racism shifted with the civil rights movement of the 1960s and 1970s. Terms like “civil rights” and “segregation” became more prominent, highlighting the systemic nature of racial inequality. The rise of Black Power and subsequent movements in the late 20th and early 21st centuries introduced more direct and forceful language, including terms like “white supremacy,” “systemic racism,” and “institutionalized racism,” emphasizing the pervasive and structural aspects of racial injustice.

Today, discussions around anti-Black racism and slavery are increasingly framed with terms like “racial violence,” “anti-Blackness,” and “historical trauma,” reflecting a deeper understanding of the ongoing impact of slavery and racism on Black communities in the US.