Analyze how Berman portrays the dual nature of modernization as both a destructive and a creative force. Use examples from urban developments, such as those in the Bronx, to illustrate how modernization can simultaneously represent progress and loss. Is Berman’s assessment of these examples accurate? Why or why not?

Discuss the role of art, particularly community murals and earthworks, as a form of resistance and commentary on urban renewal projects. How do these artistic expressions contribute to a community’s narrative and identity amidst the maelstrom of modernization?

Explore the concept of ethnic memory in maintaining individual and collective identities within the rapidly changing landscapes of modern cities. How does the preservation of cultural practices and memories act as a counterbalance to the homogenizing tendencies of modernity?