Rebirth serves as powerful motif in the memoir, highlighting the overwhelming adversity Masaji encountered throughout his lifetime. Each of the four distinct instances he experiences—his relocation to North Korea, his attempt at death by suicide, his escape across the Yalu River, and his return to Japan—serve as transitional markers in Masaji's life, signifying periods of profound change where the potential for new beginnings coexists with the culmination of intense pain, despair, or hardship.

Masaji's move to North Korea, far from heralding a new beginning, is initially met with a sense of dread and apprehension. Even before the physical relocation, his internal monologue reveals a churning mix of emotions as he grapples with anger, shock, and a gnawing apprehension about the uncertain future. This impending upheaval, while involuntary, sets the stage for a life irrevocably altered, marking the first chapter in his ongoing struggle for survival.

Masaji's attempt at death by suicide embodies the dual symbolism of rebirth in its most profound form. At the precipice of despair, he experiences a literal death and rebirth, emerging from the brink with a renewed perspective on life. The experience prompts a primal instinct that propels him forward, a turning point where the prospect of reuniting with his family becomes his primary

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