O. Henry’s “A Retrieved Reformation” is both an engaging story full of humor and ironic twists and a study of transformation, driven by the power of love. Told in O. Henry’s signature style of dry wit, everyday detail, and ironic turns of events, the story introduces James Valentine, a man of considerable criminal skill with powerful friends in high places. Jimmy is a “reformed” bank robber, and his plans to live a decent life are ironically undone by a good deed.

The story’s first scene foreshadows all that is to come. Jimmy’s stint in the prison shoe-shop, the warden’s observation that he isn’t really a bad fellow, and his feigned innocence at mention of his past crimes all hint at the story’s ending, where Jimmy chooses to “live straight” in Elmore, Arkansas. As “Valentine, 9762” becomes “James Valentine” and later “Ralph Spencer,” a parallel narrative also emerges, as detective Ben Price determines to track Jimmy down once again and put him back in prison where, Price believes, he belongs.

Jimmy and Price are foils, and the characterization of both men develops the theme of

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